History: Genetics, Languages, American Trail

African Y Chromosome: American East Coast, Mexican Coast

GENETICS
Researchers have found that some Mayan people have genetic markers, which point to African ancestors. For example: Underhill, et al noted that:" One Mayan male, previously (has been) shown to have an African Y chromosome." - Underhill, et al (1996) " A pre-Columbian Y chromosome specific transition with its implications for human evolutionary history", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, Vol.93, pp.196-200.

Paul Manansala has observed that: Genetics
Mestizos in Mayan or nearby areas show significant African admixture. The East Coast had extensive admixture according to a recent study by Lisker et al. ("Genetic Structure in Mesoamerica," _Human Biology, June 1996). The following percentages of African ancestry were found among East coast populations:

Myth Of Reality: Languages Translation: Otomi, Mande, Yoruba

The Olmec spoke a variety of the Mande language, which is still spoken in West Africa today. Many scholars refuse to admit that Africans early settled America. But the evidence of African skeletons found at many Olmec sites, and their trading partners from the Old World found by Dr. Andrzej Wiercinski prove the cosmopolitan nature of Olmec society.

The major evidence of the African origin of the Olmecs comes from their writing. The writing system used by the Olmec and later adopted by the Maya, was first used by Mande speaking people in Northern-west Africa and is called Libyco-Berber (even though it can not be read in Taurag).

The first scholar to recognize the African origin of the Olmec writing was Leo Wiener, in Dr. Wiener, highlighted the fact that the writing on the Tuxtla statuette was identical to writing used by the Mande speaking people. In addition to the Mande speaking Olmec or Xi people influenced the Mayan languages they also influenced the Otomi language of Mexico. The Otomi language also shows affinity to the Mande languages.

The idea, that Chinese people crossed the waters to America at the end of the Shang dynasty (also called Yin dynasty sometimes), is actually not a recent one. The Shang dynasty began around 1600 BC and ended, when king Zhou was defeated around 1100 BC by the upcoming Zhou people under their leader Wu Wang. The homeland of the Shang was the area west of the Shangdong peninsula at the Yellow Sea, roughly between Beijing and Shanghai.

In order to reach the American shores (assumed they had no powered boats), they needed to pick up an ocean current. Appropriate currents exist at the northern part of the Pacific and they flow from the southern Yellow Sea, past Japan and the Aleutes, right to the coast of western Mexico (and return eventually to the Asian side on a southern route). Since the Olmec civilization started around 1500 BC, the timeframe fits perfectly.

There are some interesting points in correlation to that. Shang artwork is very consistent in appearance. It's so easily recognizable that even laymen can tell, if apiece is Shang or not. Although the artwork of the succeeding Zhou shows clearly the influence of the Shang up to a point when for the Zhou the time came, to step aside, it disappeared completely.

Translation From Mande To Yoruba By Samuel A Akinyemi
Delafosse, M. (1899). "Vai leur langue et leur systeme d'ecriture", L'Anthropologie, 10. Delafosse,M. (1955). Dictionaire mandingue-francaise. Paris Delafosse, M. (1955). La langue mandingue et ses dialects (malinke,bambara,dioula). Paris.
Dieterlen, G. (1957). Essai sur le religion babara. Presses Universitaire de France.
Winters, C.A. (1977). The influence of the Mande scripts on American ancient writing systems. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental Afrique Noire, t 39, SerB , Number 2, pp.405-431. Winters, C.A.(1979). Manding writing in the New World--Part 1, Journal of African Civilization, Number 1, pp.81-97. Winters,C.A. (December 1981/January 1982). Mexico's Black Heritage, The Black Collegian, 76-82.
Zahn, D. (1974). The Bambara. Leiden: E.J

History of Philosophy William Turner: p. 34; 39; 45; 53. Roger Student: p. 15 B.C. Alexander: p. 13; 21. Zeller: p. 37; 46; 58; 66-83; 112; 127; 170-17.